Participation and Human Rights (Source: Mo Ibrahim foundation)
Participation in Elections
1. Free and fair executive elections, i.e., was the current head of state elected through free and fair elections? Our assessment is based on whether official international observer missions judge these elections to be "free and fair," whether they judge them to be basically free and fair but highlight some significant problems, or whether they refuse to recognize their results. A score of "2" indicates fully free and fair; "1" indicates partially free and fair; and "0" indicates not free and fair.1 Countries in which the current head of state did not come to power through elections are also assigned a "0."2 Further details can be found in the descriptive notes to this indicator.
2. Participation of the opposition in executive elections, i.e., were these executive elections contested by the main opposition actors? A score of "1" indicates yes and "0" indicates no.
3. Free and fair legislative elections, i.e., was the current legislature elected through free and fair elections? As for executive elections, a score of "2" indicates fully free and fair;"1" indicates partially free and fair; and "0" indicates not free and fair.3
4. Participation of the opposition in legislative elections, i.e., were these legislative elections contested by the main opposition parties? A score of "1" indicates yes and "0" indicates no.
Non-electoral forms of political participation are also essential to good governance. Many aspects of non-electoral participation are addressed here under the sub-category of Respect for Civil and Political Rights. Readers might also refer to the many studies cited at the bottom of this section for more information on other aspects of participation.
Respect for Civil and Political Rights
It is difficult to measure all outcomes on human rights protection and promotion, and there are limited data available and comparable for all forty-eight countries of sub- Saharan Africa.4 This section uses the most comprehensive, reliable data of which we are aware, drawn from the Cingranelli-Richards (CIRI) Human Rights Dataset (David L. Cingranelli and David L. Richards, The Cingranelli-Richards (CIRI) Human Rights Data Project, Version 2008.03.12, 2008, available at www.humanrightsdata.org). In addition, this section draws on information from Reporters Without Borders. In selecting these sources, we reviewed numerous others, many of which are described below and in the descriptive notes on each indicator.
1. Respect for physical integrity rights (absence of extrajudicial killing, disappearances, torture, and political imprisonment), based on the "Physical Integrity Rights Index" of the Cingranelli-Richards (CIRI) Human Rights Dataset 2008. Scores in the "Physical Integrity Rights Index" range from a low of 0 to a possible high of 8, where "0" is no respect. Scores are based on a systematic annual coding for each country, using information from the U.S. State Department Country Reports on Human Rights Practices and Amnesty International's Annual Report for the years in question.
2. Respect for civil rights (freedom of movement, political participation, worker's rights, freedom of speech, freedom of religion, and freedom of assembly), based on the "Empowerment Rights Index" and the indicator on Freedom of Assembly and Association from the Cingranelli-Richards (CIRI) Human Rights Dataset 2008. Scores range from 0 to 12, where "0" is no respect. Scores are based on a systematic annual coding for each country, using detailed country summaries in the annual U.S. State Department Country Reports on Human Rights Practices. Despite the wealth of information on human rights in selected contexts, the relatively complete and comparable coverage of all countries provided by the U.S. State Department reports is unique. No other source anywhere is as comprehensive. The Country Reports, developed on the basis of overseas embassy gleaning of local press and other reports, are hundreds of pages long, and factual, not prescriptive. The CIRI team has also done extensive research into alternative sources.5
3. Press Freedom Index, from Reporters Without Borders (with technical assistance from the Statistics Institute of the University of Paris). The index scores are based on a survey of partner organizations, journalists, and others, highlighting fifty criteria. In the raw scores used in the Index of African Governance, low figures indicate a freer press and higher scores, a less free press.
4. Women's Rights. Gender discrimination affects both men and women. Given the limits of available data, however, the Index focuses on discrimination against women, who are generally more affected.6 This indicator is based on the combined scores of the Women's Economic Rights, Women's Political Rights, and Women's Social Rights scores of the CIRI Human Rights Data set 2008.7 Possible scores range from 0 (no rights in any of the three areas) to 9 (all or nearly all rights in all three areas). Scores are based on a systematic coding of information contained in the U.S. State Department Country Re
Participation in Elections
1. Free and fair executive elections, i.e., was the current head of state elected through free and fair elections? Our assessment is based on whether official international observer missions judge these elections to be "free and fair," whether they judge them to be basically free and fair but highlight some significant problems, or whether they refuse to recognize their results. A score of "2" indicates fully free and fair; "1" indicates partially free and fair; and "0" indicates not free and fair.1 Countries in which the current head of state did not come to power through elections are also assigned a "0."2 Further details can be found in the descriptive notes to this indicator.
2. Participation of the opposition in executive elections, i.e., were these executive elections contested by the main opposition actors? A score of "1" indicates yes and "0" indicates no.
3. Free and fair legislative elections, i.e., was the current legislature elected through free and fair elections? As for executive elections, a score of "2" indicates fully free and fair;"1" indicates partially free and fair; and "0" indicates not free and fair.3
4. Participation of the opposition in legislative elections, i.e., were these legislative elections contested by the main opposition parties? A score of "1" indicates yes and "0" indicates no.
Non-electoral forms of political participation are also essential to good governance. Many aspects of non-electoral participation are addressed here under the sub-category of Respect for Civil and Political Rights. Readers might also refer to the many studies cited at the bottom of this section for more information on other aspects of participation.
Respect for Civil and Political Rights
It is difficult to measure all outcomes on human rights protection and promotion, and there are limited data available and comparable for all forty-eight countries of sub- Saharan Africa.4 This section uses the most comprehensive, reliable data of which we are aware, drawn from the Cingranelli-Richards (CIRI) Human Rights Dataset (David L. Cingranelli and David L. Richards, The Cingranelli-Richards (CIRI) Human Rights Data Project, Version 2008.03.12, 2008, available at www.humanrightsdata.org). In addition, this section draws on information from Reporters Without Borders. In selecting these sources, we reviewed numerous others, many of which are described below and in the descriptive notes on each indicator.
1. Respect for physical integrity rights (absence of extrajudicial killing, disappearances, torture, and political imprisonment), based on the "Physical Integrity Rights Index" of the Cingranelli-Richards (CIRI) Human Rights Dataset 2008. Scores in the "Physical Integrity Rights Index" range from a low of 0 to a possible high of 8, where "0" is no respect. Scores are based on a systematic annual coding for each country, using information from the U.S. State Department Country Reports on Human Rights Practices and Amnesty International's Annual Report for the years in question.
2. Respect for civil rights (freedom of movement, political participation, worker's rights, freedom of speech, freedom of religion, and freedom of assembly), based on the "Empowerment Rights Index" and the indicator on Freedom of Assembly and Association from the Cingranelli-Richards (CIRI) Human Rights Dataset 2008. Scores range from 0 to 12, where "0" is no respect. Scores are based on a systematic annual coding for each country, using detailed country summaries in the annual U.S. State Department Country Reports on Human Rights Practices. Despite the wealth of information on human rights in selected contexts, the relatively complete and comparable coverage of all countries provided by the U.S. State Department reports is unique. No other source anywhere is as comprehensive. The Country Reports, developed on the basis of overseas embassy gleaning of local press and other reports, are hundreds of pages long, and factual, not prescriptive. The CIRI team has also done extensive research into alternative sources.5
3. Press Freedom Index, from Reporters Without Borders (with technical assistance from the Statistics Institute of the University of Paris). The index scores are based on a survey of partner organizations, journalists, and others, highlighting fifty criteria. In the raw scores used in the Index of African Governance, low figures indicate a freer press and higher scores, a less free press.
4. Women's Rights. Gender discrimination affects both men and women. Given the limits of available data, however, the Index focuses on discrimination against women, who are generally more affected.6 This indicator is based on the combined scores of the Women's Economic Rights, Women's Political Rights, and Women's Social Rights scores of the CIRI Human Rights Data set 2008.7 Possible scores range from 0 (no rights in any of the three areas) to 9 (all or nearly all rights in all three areas). Scores are based on a systematic coding of information contained in the U.S. State Department Country Re
Who is Responsible?
A. Participation in the election (transparent election -Elation board
Cabinet
Parliament standing committee
State Minsters
Agencies
Ethiopian election Board: http://www.electionsethiopia.org/Index.html
Mr Kemal Bedri Kelo; Chairman of the board (photo)
Abdella Adem; Member (Photo)
Girma Jarso; Member (Photo)
Kebedech Erdachew Mamuye; Member (Photo)
Dr Tadios Munie; Member (photo)
Tesfaye Mengesha Abegaz; Member (Photo)
Note: The election board of the country’s website is run by Atnafseged Mahdere, Registrant Organization:Afrolink Studio Street 1:4921 Seminary Road Apt1416 City: Alexandria State/Province:VA Postal Code:22311 Country: US Registrant Phone:+1.2404634584 Phone Ext.:Registrant FAX:+1.0 FAX Ext.:Registrant Email:togi@afrolinkstudio.com Source networksolutions.
Afrollink studio is a web design service http://afrolinkstudio.com/ located at Comet Building , 4th Floor, 401 (next to Axum Hotel) in Addis Ababa and US represntaive Atnafseged (Togi) MahdereTel. 001-240-463-4584 according to it's website. e-mail: togi@afrolinkstudio.com
B.Respect for Civil and political Right (Physical integrity rights, Civil right, Press freedom and women rights
Cabinet
Parliament Standing committee
States Minster
Agencies
Ethiopian Human Rights Commission (EHRC) www.ehrc.org.et/
Kassa G/Hiwot(Dr) (Photo) Chief Commissioner
Domoze Mamme (Photo) Deputy Commissioner for Human Rights
Getahun Kassa (Photo) Excutive Dirctor (Photo)
Mrs. Yeshihareg Damete (Photo) Deputy Human Rights Commissioner for Children and Womens Affairs
